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Index of Land Grants &
Lawsuits
Excerpted from Land Grants and Lawsuits in
Northern New Mexico © 1994, 2008 Malcolm
Ebright. Original edition, UNM Press, Albuquerque, 1994.
More Information about the
book. For definitions of terms used see Glossary.
- Abiquíu, 26, 67, 134; and
genízaros, 147; grant, 52; resettlement decree,
146; settlement
- - - - pattern in, 193
- abogado, 61
- Abreu, Governor Santiago, 73, 74, 76,
80, 81, 296 n7; duties of, 304 n58; and Gallinas
settlers,
- - - - 116
- Acequia Madre de los Señores
Roybales de Jacona, 252
- Agua Sarca, 183, 193, 199,
207
- Aguas Calientes, 206
- alcalde: and custom in N.M., 79, 83,
132-33; and document copies, 130, 131, 132,
134;
- - - - duties of, 62-64, 65-66, 67,
68, 69; and fencing of Ciénega, 96-98; powers of,
23-24, 27, 65, 67,
- - - - 68, 73-74, 81-82, 88, 108, 121,
132, 134, 137, 183, 317 n32
- alcaldes de corte, 15
- Alencaster, Governor Joaquín
Real, 108
- Alexander Valle grant,
173
- Alvarez, Manuel, 93-94,
233
- Anconcito, 130
- Anglo-American law, 69, 122-23; and
common lands, 268; and conflict with Hispanic
- - - - system, 38, 113-15, 122-23,
266-67; and English common law, 267; property law, 38;
and
- - - - use-rights, 268
- Anton Chico community grant, 41-42,
174, 182; overlapping boundaries, 174;
- - - - settlement pattern,
174
- Antonio Ortiz grant, 173-74;
boundaries of, 204; survey of, 206
- Anza, Governor Juan Bautista de,
251-52
- Apodaca, 130, 139-40
- apoderado, 63
- Aragón, Juan, 208
- arboles frutales, see common
land
- Archuleta, Juan Andrés,
185-86
- Archuleta, Miguel, 181
- Arellano, Anselmo, 266
- Arguello, Juan de, 147,
150
- Arguello, Juana Gregoria Brito,
147
- Arias de Quiros, Diego, 64, 91, 92,
250; petition to governor, 91, 94; voiding of grant to,
96
- Armenta, Antonio de, 236
- Armijo, Governor Manuel, 61, 65, 67,
68, 183, 185, 198, 234, 270; and Ciénega, 99-100;
and
- - - - John Scolly grant,
191
- Arroyo Hondo grant, 203
n30
- Arroyo Seco, 57
- asamblea, 99-100
- asesor, 61-62, 82
- Atkinson, Henry M. (Surveyor
General), 41, 150, 206, 270; and Anton Chico, 41-42;
and
- document forgery, 235; and Rito de
Los Frijoles, 237; as speculator, 241;
surveys
- - - - under, 241; and survey of
Ramón Vigil grant, 238-39, 241; unethical conduct
of, 42, 241
- Atrisco grant, 249
- audiencia, 15-16
- Axtell, Samuel B., 43
- ayuntamiento, 27, 65, 68, 69, 312
n70; appointment of experts by, 74; independence of,
81-82;
- - - - and leasing of Ciénega,
96-98; and loss of Ciénega, 98-100; and new
settlements, 180-81;
- - - - powers of, 73-75, 79, 80-82,
83, 87, 88, 96-98, 137, 180, 183; relationship with
Territorial
- - - - Deputation, 948-100; role in
determining custom, 83; of San Miguel del Bado, 173,
185;
- - - - of Santa Fe, 96-98
- Baca y Sandoval, Francisco,
205
- Baca, Governor Bartolomé, 176,
185
- Baca, Manuel Antonio, 176, 186,
189
- Baca, Salvador, 149
- Barreiro, Asesor Antonio, 61-62,
82-83; and Gallina allotments, 116-119
- Bartolome Trujillo grant,
229
- Beaubien-Miranda (Maxwell grant), 27,
40, 45, 266; survey of, 39
- Belén, 26
- Benavides, Rafael, 185-86
- Bishop, W.C., 242
- Black Mesa grant, 228-29
- Blackmore, William, 112
- Boggs, Thomas, H., 234-35
- Bond, Frank: and Forest Service
policy, 164; and Las Trampas common lands,
155;
- - - - purchaser of Ramón Vigil
grant, 245, 246; and quiet title suit, 157-58,
160
- Botiller v. Domínguez, 34-35,
36
- Boundaries: 33, 205, 207; of Cabesa
de Baca grant, 177; of Embudo grant, 127;
forgery
- - - - in, 111; Gallina allotments in
San Joaquín grant, 115-21; General Land Office
rule,
- - - - 239; in Hispanic custom, 239;
of Las Trampas grant, 147, 150-51; of Las Vegas
grant,
- - - - 177, 204-09; litigation of,
111-13, 122-23, 250; marking of, 24; of New Mexico land
grants,
- - - - 110-11; of Pedro Sánchez
and San Ildefonso, 228, 229-30; and Picuris Pueblo,
127-29;
- - - - of Ramón Vigil grant,
231-34; of Sanguijuela grant, 190; of San Joaquín
grant, 108-13,
- - - - 122-23; and Surveyor General,
38; of Tecolote grant, 185; and water rights,
197
- Bowden, J. J., 265
- Bradfute, Richard, 127
- Buckman, H.S., 242
- burden of proof, 34, 264
- Bureau of Land Management , 139-42,
272; and color of title patent, 140-41, 319 n61; and
- - - - Embudo grant, 139-42; and
private land, 139-40
- Bustamante, Governor Juan Domingo de,
127, 317 n33
- C. de Baca, Ezequiel, 217
- Cabesa de Baca, Juan Antonio,
176
- Cabesa de Baca, Luis María,
171; and Antonio Ortiz, 175; and Cochiti litigation,
174-75;
- - - - grant boundaries, 177; heirs
and common lands, 204; and Las Vegas grant, 175-78;
and
- - - - Santo Domingo litigation, 175;
settlement on grant, 177-78
- Cabildo of Santa Fe, 91; and
Ciénega, 91-92, 94-95; and Municipal funds, 303
nn45, 46; d
- Cadallos y Rabal, Governor,
145
- Caja del Río grant,
52
- California Board of Land
Commissioners, 32, 33
- California, 69; customary law in, 33;
grant conditions in, 36; grant adjudication in,
32-37,
- - - - 136, 265; legal procedures in,
63-64; pueblo rights doctrine in, 196; statute difference
with
- - - - New Mexico, 45-46; Supreme
Court decisions in, 34, 37; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
in,
- - - - 136; validity of land grants
in, 33
- Campo Redondo, José,
130
- Campos, Judge Santiago,
166-68
- Cañada de los Alamos,
158
- Cañada de los Animas,
153
- Cañada del Salitre, 183, 193,
199
- Cañon de Chama grant (San
Joaquín grant), 106-08
- Cañoncito, 130,
139-40
- Cañones, 266
- Carlson, Alvar, 269, 270,
271
- Cartwright v. Public Service Company
of New Mexico, See Cases
- Casados, José Antonio,
181
- Cases: Botiller v. Dominguez, 34-35,
36; Cartwright v. Public Service Company of
New
- - - - Mexico, 171, 182, 196-98; Hayes
v. United States, 46-47, 131, 137-38; Milhiser v.
Padilla,
- - - - 210-15, 220; Priest v.
Rodriguez, 156-57; Rio Arriba Land and Cattle Company
v.
- - - - United States, 111-13; Sanchez
v. Fletcher, 242; Tameling v. U.S. Freehold
and
- - - - Emigration Co., 206; United
States v. Chaves, 50-51; United States v. Fremont,
36-37;
- - - - United States v. Percheman, 32,
34-36; United States v. Sandoval, 48, 113, 122-23,
197,
- - - - 266, 267-69, 271
- Catron, Charles C., 145, 155, 156,
157, 168, 266, 271; Las Trampas settlement, 158;
trickery
- - - - of, 160, 163; and use-rights,
163-64, 266, 271
- Catron, Thomas Benton, 42, 112, 174,
210, 213, 266, 271; and Pueblo Quemado grant, 47;
and
- - - - San Cristóbal grant, 43;
and Santa Fe Ring, 43; speculation of, 241, 348
n63
- Chacón, Governor Fernando, 82,
131, 134, 171
- Chacón, José de
Jesús, 116
- Chacón, Tomás,
120
- Chambers, Marjorie Bell,
225
- Chamisal, 150, 153, 158
- Chávez, Amado, 154
- Chávez, General José
María, 112
- Chávez, Governor José
Antonio, 119, 191, 198
- Chávez, José
María, 75, 120
- Chávez, José, 99-100
- Chávez, Santiago (Jaime),
167
- Chevalier, François,
265
- Chilili grant, 249
- Chimayó, 25, 145
- Church, Peggy Pond, 246
- Cieneguilla, 82
- Ciénega, 12, 26;
classification of, 101; as commons, 88, 90-92; fencing
of, 96-98; grant to
- - - - Arias de Quiros, 92, 93, 94;
leasing of, 96-98; mortgage of, 99-100; as municipal
property,
- - - - 99-100; as propios, 88, 92, 94,
96; as realengas, 91; and stubble grazing, 90-91; suit by
John
- - - - Langham, 96-98;
- civil law, and difference with common
law, 69-70
- claimant: and burden of proof, 46-47;
and continuous possession, 51; and
documentation,
- - - - 50; legal representation of,
47; and presumptions, 44-45; rights, 46-47
- claims: through original grantees,
210, 214-15
- Clark, Surveyor General John,
131
- Cochiti Pueblo: and Cabesa de Baca
litigation, 174-75
- Codallos y Rabal, Governor
Joaquín, 145
- Coleman, Clayton, Deputy Surveyor,
151
- colonization pueblo, 196
- Common land, 38, 87-88; abrevaderos,
14; in Anton Chico grant, 41; beneficiaries of, 269-- - -
- 70; Ciénega as, 90-92, 100-01;
and claims by heirs of original grantees, 210, 216;
and
- - - - conflict between Hispanic and
Anglo -American legal systems, 266-67; and concept of
- - - - title, 271; and Court of
Private Land Claims, 112-13; and custom, 115;
determination of,
- - - - 153; dispossession of, 42;
ejido, 14; and 1801 Enclosure Act, 267; and English
common
- - - - law, 267; and
environmentalists, 271; fencing of, 210-15, 216, 266-69;
and Forest Service,
- - - - 268, 269-70; history of, 14,
105-06; and international law, 113-14; and land reform,
19;
- - - - leña, 11, 14; and Las
Gorras Blancas, 214-16; loss of, 258, 268-70;management
of in
- - - - Las Vegas, 217-19; and Mexican
law, 213-14; in Mexico, 14; as National Forest,
123;
- - - - New Mexico names for, 105-06;
in New Mexico, 14, 105-06; ownership of, 105-06, 112-15,
- - - - 121; and partition suit, 42-43,
151, 153, 257; pastos, 11, 14; private allotments on,
105-06,
- - - - 108, 112-13, 121-22; as private
property, 209, 214, 266, 268-69; as public domain, 204,
206,
- - - - 209, 213, 214; sale of in Las
Vegas grant, 218-19; and Sandoval decision, 49, 268-69;
in
- - - - San Joaquín grant, 108,
110-11; settlement agreement at Las Trampas, 158-60;
Spanish
- - - - government ownership of, 105,
111, 112-15; and Spanish pueblo, 106; theories of
ownership
- - - - of, 209-15; tierras
baldías, 87; tierras concegiles, 87, 105-06,
113-14; timber cutting on, 214-
- - - - 15; United States ownership of,
162, 268, 269; use-rights on, 158-60, 168; water rights
on,
- - - - 271, 307 n18
- Committee on Private Land Claims of
House of Representatives, 40
- Common pasture, 68
- Community land grant: and
agricultural improvement, 194, 199; allotments in,
24-25;
- - - - conditions for, 18, 23, 24-25,
181-82; common lands on, 25, 105-06, 190-91; custom
in,
- 14, 121-22; exclusive rights on,
190-91; and international law, 113-14; and land
grant
- - - - boards, 259; in Mexico, 18; in
New Mexico, 18, 24-25, 26, 105-06; and official
land
- - - - monopoly, 183; overlapping
boundaries, 174; ownership of common lands,
105-10,
- - - - 113-14, 121-22, 209, 213, 219;
and partition suit, 151; private property in, 106, 108,
121-22,
- - - - 153; rights in common, 190;
settlement patterns in, 26, 173, 174, 193-94; and
Spanish
- - - - pueblo, 105-06, 113-14; Spanish
government ownership of, 111, 112-15; after Treaty
of
- - - - Guadalupe Hidalgo, 38; United
States jurisdiction over, 258; water rights on,171, 307
n18 Concepción, 199, 218
- conciliación,
62-64
- conquistador, 13; in New Mexico, 22;
and encomienda, 14, 22
- continuous possession, 50, 51,
93
- cordel, 24
- Córdova, Lasaro de,
127
- Córdova, 146
- Cortés, Fernando, 14,
19
- Council of the Indies, 16
- council, role of in Spain, 11
- Court of Private Land Claims, 27, 35,
45-51, 52, 59, 270; adjudication process under,
45-51,
- - - - 235-36; and appeals, 49-50; and
burden of proof, 46, 264; confirmation rate of, 37, 51;
and
- - - - custom, 45-46; and customary
law, 133-34; and Embudo grant confirmation, 131-32;
- - - - establishment of, 45-46;
fairness of, 40, 47, 50, 137, 138-39, 141-42; and
Gallina
- - - - settlement, 120; and grant
rejection, 49-50, 133, 139, 142; and grant validity,
136-37; and
- - - - international law, 113-14; and
Jacona grant confirmation, 252-54; jurisdiction of,
127;
- - - - and legal representation, 47;
and overlapping claims, 40; procedure of, 46-47, 112;
and
- - - - presumptions, 46, 133-37; and
Rito de los Frijoles grant, 237; and San Joaquín
grant,
- - - - 111-13; and Spanish law, 132,
135-36; and surveyor general system, 46
- courts, in Spain, 60
- Córdova, 25
- Crawford, Stanley, 264
- Cristóbal de la Serna grant,
26, 258, 299 n40, 312-13 n76
- crop damage, 19-21, 26
- Cubero community grant,
50-51
- Cubero, Governor Pedro
Rodríguez, 249
- Cuervo y Valdez, Governor Francisco,
90
- Cundiyó grant, and title
clearance project, 145, 258, 259
- custom, and acequias, 264, 271; in
Anglo-American law, 45-46; and appointment of
experts,
- - - - 92; and burden of proof, 264;
and common lands, 57-59, 87-88, 91-92, 96, 100; evidence
of,
- - - - 133, 135; fuero, 12-13, 59-60,
65; in international law, 46; legality of, 132-33, 135;
and
- - - - municipal lands, 87-88, 100-01;
and propios, 87-88; and public land use, 87-88; in
Spain,
- - - - 87-88; and stubble grazing,
20-21, 90-91; in use of Ciénega, 90-91, 100-01;
and water
- - - - disputes, 73-76, 79, 83; and
water rights, 57-59, 91-93, 94-96, 263-64
- customary law, 27, 38, 132-33;
Anglo-American, 69-70; and appointment of experts, 74;
in
- - - - California, 33; defined, 83;
evidence favoring claimant, 134-35; fuero, 12-13, 59-60,
65;
- - - - and grant validity, 133-34; and
local government powers, 79, 132-34; Moorish,
12;
- - - - in New Mexico, 3-4, 21, 23-25,
61, 67-69, 115, 121-22; in resolving disputes, 73, 83;
in
- - - - Spain, 11-16, 67; in Spanish
pueblo, 14; during Spanish-Mexican Period, 68-69,
133;
- - - - stubble grazing, 20-21,
90-91
- Cuyamungue grant, 52, 252
- deBuys, William, 53,
269-70
- Delgado, Marcos, 77,
79-80
- Diamante, 158
- Dixon, 129
- documents: certified copies of,
130-134, 138; forgery, 52, 111, 130-34; and land grant
heirs,
- - - - 38
- Domínguez, Ben F.,
165-68
- Domínguez-Escalante
expedition, 131
- Domínguez, Fray Francisco
Atanasio, 149-50
- Doña Ana Bend Colony grant,
51
- Durán, Manuel, 181
- Durán, Miguel, 95
- Duval, John C., 238-39
- ejido, 18, 105-06
- El Bosque, 130
- El Llano, 153
- El Prado, 57
- El Valle, 149, 150, 153,
158
- Elkins, Stephen B., 43,
213
- Ellison, Samuel, 252
- Embudo grant, 145, 271-72: boundaries
requested, 127; BLM management of, 139-41;
and
- - - - Cieneguilla grant, 131;
continuous occupation of, 131, 133-34; documentation in,
127, 130,
- - - - 131, 132, 133, 134; grant
rejection, 132; and Indian raids, 129; Picuris protest,
129;
- - - - settlement of, 129-31; Spanish
recognition of, 134
- encomienda: history of, 14-15; in
Mexico, 14; in New Mexico, 15, 21-22, 193-94
- English common law, 267. See also
Anglo-American law
- Enríquez, Miguel,
127
- escribano, 130: powers of, 132; lack
of in New Mexico, 132, 130, 316 n22
- Esquibel, Felix, 217
- experts, appointment of, 74, 92,
95
- Federal Small Holding Claims,
268
- fencing: of Ciénega, 96-98; of
Las Vegas common lands, 210-14, 215-16
- Fiske, Eugene, 131
- Flipper, Henry Ossian, 47,
135
- Flores Mogollón, Governor Juan
Ignacio: and Ciénega, 91-92, 94, 101
- Florida treaty, 31-32, 33, 34, 136,
265
- Forest Service, 52-54; and grazing
rights, 53; and policy changes, 53-54
- Forest Service, 123; and
Domínguez and López case, 165-68; and
grazing rights, 53; land
- - - - management of, 268-70, 272; and
Land Title Study, 165; and Las Trampas title, 161;
and
- - - - permits, 164-66; and policy
changes, 53-54, 162-65; and public domain, 269;
Stumpage
- - - - Appraisal Report, 162, 167; and
Tierra Amarilla, 165; and use-rights agreements,
162-68
- forgery: boundary, 236-37; document,
52, 111, 130-34; and Court of Private Land
Claims,
- - - - 235; of grant to Pedro
Sánchez, 225-27, 233-34; of Orejas del Llano de
los Aguajes grant,
- - - - 235-36; of Peralta-Reavis
grant, 236; and Roque Lovato grant, 240; of Santa Teresa
de
- - - - Jesús grant, 236; of
Sierra Mosca grant, 240; of Uña del Gato grant,
240 document, 52
- Forrest, Suzanne, 53
- Fort Union, 210
- Fremont, John C., 36-37
- Frost, Max, 214
- Fuero Juzgo, 12
- fuero, 12-13, 59-60, 65
- Fuller, Justice Melville, W.,
112-13
- Gabaldón grant, 52
- Gadsden Treaty, 30, 59
- Gallegos, Isidoro, 217
- Gallegos, Padre Manuel,
97
- Gallegos, Pedro Ignacio, 74, 77, 79,
116-18, 119-20, 121
- Gallina allotments,
115-21
- Gallinas, 218
- Galván-Rivera, Mariano,
114-15
- Garcia y Chávez, Miguel,
210
- García de la Mora, Manuel,
108-10
- García, Juan, 97
- García, Juan and Joaquina,
147
- García, Mateo, 119, 120,
121
- General Land Office, 41, 150, 151,
213; boundary rules, 239; and Las Vegas
survey,
- - - - 204-07; and Town of Las Vegas,
217
- genízaros, 13, 146-47,
171
- George E. Breece Lumber Company,
162
- Germanic law, 12
- Gijosa grant, 312-13 n76
- Gomez Robledo family, 250
- Gonzales, Andrés,
95
- Gorras Blancas, 210, 214-16,
221
- Governor of New Mexico: duties of,
91, 98, 99; powers of, 23, 27, 65, 67, 68, 73-74; and
Santa
- - - - Fe ayuntamiento, 948,
99
- grazing lands: on community grants,
18; control of, 171, 173, 173, 177, 185-86, 190,
193-94;
- - - - in Mexico, 18; on private
grants, 18; use-rights on, 164-68
- grazing rights: and Forest Service,
52-53; in Spain, 11
- Griego, Antonio, 131
- Griego, Juan, 195
- Griego, María and Juana,
64
- Grisham, Sandra and Jay Ortiz,
142
- Guadalupita grant, 58
- Gwyn, Thomas, 238-39
- hacienda, 18-19, 265
- Hall, Frederic, 123
- Hall, G. Emlen, 266,
268-69
- Halleck, Captain Henry,
33
- Hayden, Thomas, 158
- Hayes v. United States: presumption
of authority, 46-47, 131, 137-38
- Hayes, Father Thomas Aquinas: attack
on survey, 238-39; and forgery, 240; history
of,
- - - - 237-38, 240; and purchase of
heir interests, 239, 242; purchase of Ramón Vigil
grant, 238;
- - - - sale and purchase with Sorin,
238; sale to Smith and Sheldon, 239, 240, 242; and
- - - - speculation, 239-40
- Hays, May, 210
- Herrera, Cosme, 255-57,
258
- Herrera, Manuel de, 193
- Hispanic land grant settlers: and
Anglo -American law, 38, 42-43
- Hispanic land reform program,
52
- Hispanic law: and Anglo-American
legal system, 268; and existence of pueblo
rights
- - - - doctrine, 171, 196-97, 198; and
grant violations, 270; land loss, 266-647, 268-69, 270;
legal
- - - - system, 266-67; property
rights, 32-37; and pueblo, 198-99; water rights, 263-64,
271
- Hobart, Surveyor General Edward F.,
151, 215, 216
- Hoffman, Judge Ogden, 36
- hombre bueno, 62-64
- Homestead laws, 38, 48, 209, 210,
213, 214, 220, 268
- Hot Springs, 183, 199, 206,
207
- Houghten, Joab, 205, 206,
210
- House Committee on Private Land
Claims, 110
- House Joint Memorial No. 5,
162
- Ilfeld, Charles, 214, 217
- Indian labor. See
encomienda
- Indian land, 26: and crop damage,
19-21; and encomienda, 21-22; and legal
- - - - representation, 62, 129, 317
n33; loss of, 19; in Mexico, 19-21; in New Mexico,
23;
- - - - and power to object to grants,
23; property rights, 94; Pueblo Indian, 22;
and
- - - - Spanish encroachment, 65-67;
and stubble grazing, 20-21
- Indian raids, 129-30, 134, 145, 146,
147, 149, 182, 186, 192, 195, 198, 199; on Anton Chico
grant,
- - - - 174; on Cabesa de Baca grant,
177-78; on Ortiz and Preston Beck grants, 174;
and
- - - - San Joaquín abandonment,
119; and settlement patterns, 179, 180, 194, 195; on
Tecolote
- - - - grant, 178, 185; on Trujillo
grant, 229
- international law, 113-14; doctrine
of acquired rights, 115, 121, 290 n168; land
grant
- - - - adjudication under, 50; Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 46-51; treaty violations of,
35
- irrigation. See Acequia, Water
rights.
- Isleta Pueblo, 68-69
- jacales, 209
- Jacona grant: confirmation to heirs,
252-54; and Court of Private Land Claims,
252-54;
- - - - documentation in, 249, 252;
1909 agreement, 255-57, 258; partition suit in, 254-55,
257;
- - - - as private and community land
grant, 257-58; quiet title suit, 255, 264;
residents'
- - - - purchase of, 255-57; settlement
at, 251-52; survey of, 254; and surveyor general,
252
- Jacona Pueblo, 249
- Jenkins, Dr. Myra Ellen,
106
- Jémez Pueblo, 68
- Jicarilla Apache, 82
- Johnson, Referee Ernest A., 152-53,
154, 155
- Johnson, Referee R.M.,
211
- Jones, William Carey, 33,
34
- Joseph, Antonio, 43
- judges, in N.M., 64
- Julian, Surveyor General George
Washington: 43-45, 110-11, 206, 207, 209, 216;
and
- - - - common lands, 45; confirmation
record, 44; and presumptions, 44-45, 46, 110;
and
- - - - Spanish government ownership of
common lands, 111, 113
- junta departamental,
99-100
- Kearny, General Stephen Watts, 28,
192, 193, 200, 203, 205
- Kelleher, William, 266
- Kutsche, Paul, 266
- la Bolsa, 130
- la Ciénega, 130
- La Junta, 130, 192
- La Majada grant, 52
- La Monilla, 210
- Lagunas, 199
- Lagunitas, 209
- land grant acquisition, 19, 41, 42:
in Mexico, 18-19; partition suit, 42-43; principal
settler
- - - - buy-out, 41-42; during surveyor
general period, 41-43; land acquisition by
speculators,
- - - - 19; in Mexico,
18-19
- land grant adjudication: during
Anglo-American period, 69-70; burden of proof, 34;
in
- - - - California, 32-37, 136;
claimant burden, 136; constitutional, 39; and Court of
Private
- - - - Land Claims, 46-51; in Florida,
31-32, 33, 136; Gadsden Treaty, 30; and
international
- - - - law, 50, 113-14, 115, 121; in
Louisiana, 31, 33, 136; in New Mexico, 36, 37-54, 58-59,
134-37,
- - - - 265; presumptions, 44-47,
136-37; property rights guarantees, 33-34, 35; rule
revisions, 44-
- - - - 45; in Spanish-Mexican Period,
59-69; standards for, 29; under surveyor general,
39-45;
- - - - water rights in, 58, 196-200.
See also cases, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- land grant confirmation, 39, 40, 42,
45: under Court of Private Land Claims,
46-51;
- - - - and Mexican law, 40, 46; United
States v. Chaves, 50-51; United States v.
Sandoval,
- - - - 48, 49
- land grant documentation, 23-24,
38-39
- land grant heirs: court claims by,
231, 242, 243; dispossession of, 38, 42, 70; and
Forest
- - - - Service, 269-70; and ownership
of common lands, 204, 209, 213, 215, 216
- land grant procedures,
23-24
- land grant size, 110
- land grant speculation, 19, 40-43:
and Father Hayes, 239-40; by Hispanos, 43; lawyers
in,
- - - - 43; and Las Vegas, 218-19; and
McBroom, 241; of surveyor-general, 40-42; of
Atkinson,
- - - - 241; and Thomas B. Catron, 241,
348 n63
- land grant studies, 58-59, 105,
121-23, 127, 137, 265-72: and litigation, 264-65; and
Mexican
- - - - land tenure, 265; and New
Mexico, 263, 264-66, 268-69
- land grants: abandonment of, 93, 302
n28; boundary marking, 24; in California,
32-37;
- - - - conditions of, 18, 23-25,
93-94, 133, 237, 277 n26; federal ownership of, 269; and
foreigners,
- - - - 23, 26-27; as Indian defense
policy, 147; land use on, 25-26; in Mexico, 13, 18-19;
- - - - overlapping, 115-21;
confirmation process, 110; and permanent settlements,
193;
- - - - presumptions in, 110, 133-34,
136-37; procedural burdens in, 135-36; and small
holding
- - - - claims, 139; in Spain, 11-15;
Spanish-Mexican law and, 114-15, 121; validity of, 131,
133-
- - - - 37
- land grants in New Mexico: community,
23, 24-25; conditions of, 23-25, 93-94; history
- - - - of, 11, 13, 21-28; land use on,
25-26; and local government, 98; Mexican Period, 23,
27,
- - - - 193-94; private, 23, 24-25;
private allotments in, 24-25, 120-22; and propios,
87-88;
- - - - selling of, 93; and Spanish
Period, 23, 26-27, 193-94
- Land Title Study, 3, 165
- Lang, D.M., 161-62
- Langham, John, 96-98
- Las Animas grant, 39
- Las Dispensas, 209
- Las Siete Partidas, 15, 317
n36
- Las Trampas grant, 121, 145-68, 266,
268, 272; amended complaints, 156-57;
boundaries
- - - - of, 147, 150-51; documentation
in, 146-47; and Forest Service, 162-65; and Land
Title
- - - - Study, 165; and partition suit,
151-54, 156; and presumptions, 150; private property
in,
- - - - 149, 153; and quiet title suit,
157-58; and Referee Johnson, 152-53; and rights to
commons,
- - - - 149; sales of, 154-56;
settlement pattern of, 145-46; Stumpage Appraisal Report,
162, 167;
- - - - suit settlement, 157-58; survey
of, 150-51, 153, 156, 158; and timber cutting, 151, 162,
165-68;
- - - - trial of
Domínguez-López, 165-68; use of common
lands, 155; use-rights agreements, 158-
- - - - 60, 162-68; use-rights suit,
264, 271
- Las Trampas Lumber Company:
155-62
- Las Vegas grant, 45, 156, 266;
allotted lands in, 204, 207-09, 213; boundaries of, 177,
181,
- - - - 190, 198; and Cartwright case,
182; common lands of, 190, 191, 194-96, 206, 207, 209,
210,
- - - - 212-20; conditions of, 181-82;
confirmation of, 203-04; East Las Vegas, 217-19;
exclusive
- - - - rights on, 212-13; fencing on,
215; growth of, 209-10; and John Scolly grant, 189,
191-92;
- - - - and Surveyor General Julian,
111; and Manuelitas grant, 189, 190-91; management
of,
- - - - 217-21; and Milhiser case,
210-15; and military protection, 178-79;
original
- - - - grantees, 208, 210; and
overlapping grants, 189-93; permanent settlement on,
182-83, 186;
- - - - and pueblo rights doctrine,
196-200, 264; and Sanguijuela grant, 189-91; settlement
- - - - pattern of, 171-73, 179-81,
182-83, 189, 193-94, 195-99; surveys of, 204-06, 207-09,
216; and
- - - - Tecolote grant, 183-89; timber
cutting on, 214-15; and Town of Las Vegas, 216-17;
water
- - - - rights on, 171, 196-200; West
Las Vegas, 217
- Las Vegas, 183, 198, 199
- latifundio, 19 (private land
grant)
- Laughlin, Napoleon Bonaparte, 131,
249, 252, 257; and Jacona partition suit, 254-55; and
- - - - Ramón Vigil grant,
243-44
- laws: 1801 Enclosure Act, 267; of
1813, 79, 298 n28; Mexican Colonization Law of 1824, 23,
- - - - 27, 33, 39, 114; of
prescription, 50, 51; Law of 1828, 23-24, 26-27, 114,
180; Ley de Vagos, 180
- lawbooks, lack of, 64-65
- lawyers: conflict of interest and,
157; fees, 151, 154-55, 160, 161; during Mexican
Period,
- - - - 61-62; in Mexico, 15-16; in New
Mexico, 61-64; in Spain, 60-61; and Spanish law,
15-16;
- - - - unethical practices of, 42-43,
47-48, 162-63, 266
- Leyba, Father José Francisco,
179-80
- Lieb, Judge Thomas, 160
- Liendre, 200, 209
- Llano, 150, 158
- Lobato, Juan José, 147, 149,
228; grant, 52-54, 266
- Local officials, overlapping
authority, 198
- Long, Judge Elisha V., 211-15, 217,
220
- Longwill, Robert H., 43
- Los Alamos Ranch School, 245,
246
- Los Alamos, 199, 209
- Los Fuertes, 199
- Los Ojos (Hot Springs), 183,
199
- Los Trigos grant, 173
- Los Vigiles, 183, 218
- Louisiana treaty, 31, 33, 136,
265
- Lower Puertecito, 207
- López, José Paz,
165-68
- López, Juana, 228
- Luján, José Ignacio,
215
- Machiavelli, Niccoló,
272
- Madrid, Lorenzo , 92, 95
- Madrid, Roque, 92
- Maese, Juan de Dios, 181, 182, 190,
200
- Maestas, Ron, 165
- Manhattan Project, 245
- Manuelitas grant, 189, 190-91, 192,
195
- Márquez, Lorenzo,
171
- Marshall, Chief Justice John, 32, 34,
136, 137
- Martín, Francisco, 127, heirs
130
- Martín, Mariano (Ramóns
father), 77, 80
- Martín, Sebastián,
147
- Martín Serrano, Pedro,
110
- Martínez de Montoya, Captain
Juan, 22
- Martínez, David Jr., 151-52,
154-55
- Martínez, Francisco (son of
Manuel), 42
- Martínez, Governor
Félix, 94, 95, 96
- Martínez, Manuel, 42, 73,
74-79, 81
- Martínez, Ramón, 73,
76, 80
- Maxwell grant, 39, 40, 45,
266
- Maynez, Governor Alberto,
66
- Márquez, Juan, 127
- McBroom, Deputy Surveyor William H.,
150-51
- McFarland, N.C., 150
- McFie, Judge John R., 154,
254-55
- McMillan, Alonzo, B., 145, 151, 168,
266, 271; and Las Trampas acquisition, 154-55
- McMillan, Judge Daniel H.,
154
- Medina, Juan Lorenzo de, 92,
95
- Melgares, Governor Facundo, 41, 82,
173, 176
- Mendinueta, Governor Pedro
Fermín de, 237
- Mendoza, Governor Gaspar Domingo,
228-29
- mercedes de tierras. See Land
Grant
- Mestas, Captain Juan de,
250
- Mexican Indian, Tlascalán,
146-47
- Mexican law: allotted lands under,
213; Colonization Law of 1824, 23, 27, 33, 39, 114;
and
- - - - confirmation, 40; and land
grant rejection, 50; law of prescription, 51; Ley de
Vagos,
- - - - 180; and maximum grant size,
45; ownership of common lands under, 209-12;
size
- - - - limitation of grants, 100; use
of common lands under, 213-14
- Mexican Period: autonomy of local
government in, 73-74, 82; customary law in,
73-74;
- - - - duties of governor, 98; laws,
23, 24, 58; legal system in, 82-83
- Mexican Revolution: and land tenure,
265
- Mexico: audiencias in, 15-16; Plan of
Pitic, 87-88; propios in, 87-88
- Milhiser v. Padilla: 210-15,
220
- military protection, of settlers,
178-180; merchants, 179; and smuggling,
178-79
- Miller, David J., 235
- Mills, Judge William J., 217,
218
- Montecito, 130, 139-40
- Montezuma, 206
- Montoya, Jesús María,
191
- Montoya, Salvador, 183
- Mora grant, 191, 192, 195
- Morán, Miguel, 92
- Morrow, John, 162
- Muller, Frederick, 244
- municipal codes: under Roman law,
12
- municipal commons, 299 n1
- municipal lands. See tierras
concegiles
- municipal property, 87; as commons,
948, 99; funds of, 96, 98-100; lands and custom,
96,
- - - - 100-01; protection of, 96; uses
of under Spanish law, 87, 88
- Muñis, Antonio Lucrecio,
131
- Murphy, Lawrence, R., 266
- Murray, Justice William W.,
132
- Nambé, 252
- Narbona, Governor Antonio, 99,
176
- National Forest land, 271: and small
holding and homestead laws, 268
- New Deal, 52
- New Mexico asamblea, 191
- New Mexico Land and Livestock
Company, 41
- New Mexico law: and Anglo-American
law, 132-34; burden of proof in, 136; custom in,
132-
- - - - 33, 135; customary law in, 133;
land grant validity under, 131, 133-37; lawbooks in, 133,
- - - - 135, presumptions in,
136-37
- New Mexico lawsuits, 59
- New Mexico legal system, 61, 62-69,
115; alcalde, 65; ayuntamiento, 65; civil court, 65;
- - - - conciliación, 62-64;
consistency in, 647; custom in, 73, 79, 81-83; customary
law in,
- - - - 67-69; judges in, 64;
jurisdiction in, 65; lawbooks in, 64-65; lawyers in, 64;
during
- - - - Mexican Period, 73-74; oral
procedures, 62-64; procedures in, 69; Protector de
Indios,
- - - - 62; Spanish Period, 73-74;
Spanish-Mexican Period, 62-65; written procedure in,
62-64
- New Mexico Supreme Court, 152;
historical evidence not submitted to, 171-200; and
Las
- - - - Vegas settlement, 182, 196-98;
and notice of suit to heirs, 152, 156; and water
rights
- - - - doctrine, 171, 197, 200
- New Mexico territorial deputation,
77; and Cabesa de Baca, 176; duties of, 98-99;
and
- - - - Gallina settlers, 118, 120-21;
and Las Vegas grant, 181; and Tecolote grant, 183
- Nichols, John, 264
- Noble, John W., 216
- notice of suit to heirs, 152,
156
- Nuestra Señora de los Dolores
de Las Vegas, 182-83
- Ocaté grant, 93-94
- Ocaté, 179, 180
- Ojito, 158
- Ojitos Frios, 183, 193,
199
- Ojo Caliente, 26, 134,
145
- Ojo de la Cabra grant,
68-69
- Ojo Sarco, 150, 153, 158
- Ojos Calientes, 206
- Oñate, Juan de, 11, 15,
22
- Oppenheimer, J. Robert,
245
- Orejas del Llano de los Aguajes
grant, 235-36
- Ortiz Mine grant, 52
- Ortiz y Alarid, Gaspar,
238
- Ortiz, Antonio, 171, 173,
- Ortiz, José María;
allotments to Gallina, 115, 118-19; and original
documents, 116
- Ortiz, Judge Juan Rafael, 77, 79-80,
297 n24
- Otero, Juan, 68-69
- Overlapping claims, 40
- Overlapping grants, 40, 171, 183,
189, 191, 192, 193, 195, 204, 205
- Padilla brothers: José,
Francisco, Pablo, 210
- Pajarito Club, 244-45
- Pajarito Land Company,
245
- Palen, Joseph G., 43
- partition suit, 42-43, 255, 266, 271;
and common lands, 42-43, 151-53; and Jacona,
254-55;
- - - - and notice of suit to heirs,
152, 156-57, 254; and Las Trampas, 151-54; Priest v.
Town
- - - - of Las Vegas, 156-57;
Rodríguez v. Las Cueva Ranch Co.,
156-57
- Pearson, Jim Berry, 266
- Pecos Pueblo, 266
- Pedro Sánchez grant:
abandonment of, 229, 230; boundaries of, 228, 231-33;
conditions
- - - - of, 228; and documentation
forgery, 225-27, 233-34; and Rito de los Frijoles
boundaries,
- - - - 236-37; and San Ildefonso
boundaries, 229-30
- Peláez, Captain Jacinto, 249,
250, 252
- Pelham, Surveyor General William,
38-39, 40, 41, 133, 150, 204, 231, 235
- Penitente brotherhood,
259
- Peralta-Reavis grant, 236
- Pérez, Governor Albino, 96-98,
182
- Picuris Pueblo, 127-29: attacks and
settlement patterns, 134
- Piedra Lumbre grant, 108-10,
266
- Pierce, F.H., 217
- Pile, Governor, 240
- Pino, Juan Estevan, 43, 62, 173-74,
189, 190, 234
- Pino, Nicolás, 43
- Pinto, Roque de, 92, 94
- Plan of Pitic, 87-88
- Plaza de los Garcías
(Lagunas), 183, 199
- Plaza del Burrito (Santa Ana),
183
- Plaza del Torreón (Tecolote),
183
- poblador principal, 41, 42,
108
- Pojoaque Pueblo, 254
- Pojoaque, 252
- Polvadera grant, 52, 266
- Pond, Ashley, 244-45, 246
- Pope, William, 131
- possession requirement,
10
- prefect, power of, 137
- preferential grazing rights,
52
- Preston Beck grant,
173-74
- presumptions, 44-45, 46-47, 110,
136-37; authority of granting official, 46, 137;
continuous
- - - - possession, 110, 133-34,
136-37; and Las Trampas grant, 150; grant regularity, 46;
proof
- - - - of existence of grant, 41, 46,
134, 136
- Prince, L. Bradford, 43
- principal settler. See poblador
principal
- priority dates, 263
- private land grants: acquisition of
grazing grants, 171, 174; alcalde allotment of,
121;
- - - - as community grant, 258-59;
conditions for, 23; exclusive rights on, 190-91; history
of,
- - - - 13; Jacona, 252, 257-58; in
Mexico, 18-19; in New Mexico, 24-25; Ortiz grant,
173-74;
- - - - Sanguijuela grant, 190;
settlement pattern on, 174
- private property: acquisition of
common land as, 268; Federal Small Holding Claim,
268;
- - - - Homestead laws, 268; and
National Forest land, 268
- procurador, 61
- property rights guarantees, 34, 35.
See Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- property rights, communal,
11
- property rights, individual,
11
- propios, 12, 87-88, 101;
Ciénega as, 92, 96, 98-100
- Protector de Indios, 62
- Proudfit, Surveyor General James K.,
41, 110, 252, 270
- public domain :in Spain, 113-14, 121;
in international law, 113-14
- public domain, 38, 206; and Baca
heirs (Las Vegas), 204; common lands as, 209;
- - - - in international law, 113-14;
in Spain, 113-14, 121
- Pueblo Indians, 107, 194, 242, 246;
and land privatization, 69; and legal
representation,
- - - - 62; and Pueblo League, 65-66,
229, 230; San Ildefonso, 227-30, 233-34; and water
rights,
- - - - 263 San Ildefonso, 227-30,
233-34; and Pueblo League, 229, 230
- Pueblo League, 65-66, 229
- Pueblo Quemado grant, 47,
145
- Pueblo Revolt, 15, 22, 23, 145, 250,
264
- pueblo rights doctrine, 171,
196-200
- quiet title suits, 266
- Quintana, Micaela, 228
- Quintana, Miguel, 228
- Ramón Vigil grant, 52; cattle
on, 242-43; confirmation of, 231, 235, 237; sale to Smith
and
- - - - Sheldon, 239, 240; purchase by
Hayes, 238; purchase from Sánchez heir, 225,
230-31; and
- - - - Ramón Land and Lumber
Co., 243-44; 1749 and 1851 sale documents, 231-34;
- - - - survey of, 231, 238-39; timber
cutting on, 243; United States purchase of, 246: use
of
- - - - by Smith-Sheldon, 242-43
- Rancho del Rio Grande grant, 299
n40
- Ranchos de Taos, 26
- Raynolds, H.F., 154
- Raynolds, Jefferson, 217
- Reavis, James Addison,
236
- Recopilación de las Leyes de
los Reynos de las Indias, 16-18, 114; and propios, 87;
and
- - - - return of land to Indians,
94
- Reed, Chief Justice Joseph R.,
137-38
- Renehan, Alois B., 26, 145, 154, 157,
161, 168, 271; and timber rights, 158-60; trickery
of,
- - - - 160, 162-63; and use-rights,
158-60, 162-64, 166
- Reynolds, Matthew Givens,51, 111,
113, 134-36, 139, 268; and presumption of
authority,
- - - - 137; and San Joaquín
brief, 122-23; and Spanish law compilation,
135-36
- Rice, Special Agent Russell B.,
208-09, 216
- Rinconada, 130
- Rio del Pueblo grant, 296
n7
- Rito de los Frijoles grant,
236-37
- Rivera, Manuel, 41
- Rivera, Vicente, 178, 185,
186
- Río Don Carlos grant,
39
- Rodríguez, Melchor,
147
- Rodríguez, Pedro Felipe,
147
- Roman law, 15; municipal codes of,
12; in Spain, 11-12
- Romero family: Eugenio, 214-15, 217,
Cleofas, Margarito, 214-15
- Romero, Cristobal, 150
- Romero, Juan, 210
- Roque Lovato grant, 240
- royal land grants, 87
- Roybal, Ignacio, 249, 250-51,
252
- Roybal, Mateo, 251-52,
254
- Roybal, Santiago, 251
- rule revisions, 46-47
- Salas, José Francisco,
177
- Salazar, Francisco, 106-08, children
of, 120
- Salazar, Miguel, 214
- Salazar, Tomás,
120
- Salitre grant, 193
- San Agustín, 209,
218
- San Cristóbal grant,
43
- San Gerónimo, 174, 186,
209
- San Ildefonso Pueblo, 254; litigation
with Ignacio Roybal, 250, 252; and Pedro Sánchez,
227-
- - - - 30, 233-34
- San Joaquín grant, 266, 268,
271, 316 n28; allotments on, 108, 112, 120; boundaries
of, 108-13;
- - - - common lands of, 105, 106, 108,
110-11, 112-13, 121; documents in, 105, 116-18;
and
- - - - Gallina, 115-21; making of,
106-08, 110-13, 121; private property in, 106, 108, 121;
survey,
- - - - 106, 110-12; water rights on,
308 n18
- San José grant, 52
- San Miguel del Bado grant, 48,
181-82, 268, 309 n35; and Cabesa de Baca grant,
176-77;
- - - - customs house in, 178-79; and
genízaros, 147; and grazing lands, 173; and
military
- - - - protection, 178; and population
increase, 179-80; settlement of, 171-73, 174, 182;
survey
- - - - of, 205; and Tecolote grant,
185-89
- Sandoval, Estanislado, grant,
192
- Sangre de Cristo grant, 27, 39,
45
- Sanguijuela grant, 189-91, 192,
194-95, 200, 209
- Santa Barbara grant, 151
- Santa Cruz de la Cañada,
191
- Santa Fe Ring, 225, 266, 270; members
of, 43, 145; and Surveyor General Julian,
43-44
- Santa Fe, 146
- Santa Rosa de Lima de Abiquiú,
145
- Santa Teresa de Jesús grant,
236
- Santa Teresa grant, 133
- Santiago Boné grant, 189, 191,
192, 195, 301 n14
- Santo Domingo Pueblo, 175
- Sapello, 179, 180, 209
- Sarracino, Governor Rafael, 68,
181
- Sarracino, Prefect Francisco,
69
- Sawyer, Deputy Surveyor,
150-51
- Sawyer-McElroy survey,
238
- Sánchez de Iñigo,
Pedro, 228
- Sánchez v. Fletcher,
242
- Sánchez, Antonio,
231
- Sánchez, Francisco,
230-31
- Sánchez, Jacinto,
229
- Sánchez, Pedro, 228; and
Bartolomé Trujillo grant, 229; and Black Mesa
grant, 228-29;
- - - - and forgery of grant documents,
225-27; heirs of, 225, 230-31; petition for grant,
228
- Scholes, Frances, 73-74
- Scolly, John, grant, 189, 191-92,
195, 198; boundaries of, 204; survey of, 205
- Sebastian Martín grant, 52,
127, 147
- Segura, Eulogio, 210, 212
- Sena, Felipe, 97
- Sena, Tomás, 176
- settlements: abandonment of, 174; and
Indian raids, 134, 145-46, 149, 198; security of,
181-
- - - - 82
- settlement patterns, 129-30, 134,
145-46, 149-50, 171-73, 193-96; on community grants,
174,
- - - - 177; and forfeited lands, 26;
and genízaros, 147; and Indian defense policy,
147; and
- - - - Indian raids, 26, 134, 145-46,
149, 198; at Las Vegas, 207-10, 220; in Mexico, 18-21;
and
- - - - military protection, 178-79,
192; in New Mexico, 18, 22, 24-26; and overpopulation,
146,
- - - - 179; Plan of Pitic, 87-88; and
private allotments, 106, 121-22; and propios, 87-88;
and
- - - - protection zones, 145-46; and
Pueblo league, 230; and pueblo rights doctrine,
196-200;
- - - - in Sapello area, 192; in Spain,
22, 87; and Spanish pueblo, 105-06, 198-99; and
Tlascaláns,
- - - - 146-47; and vagrant laws, 180;
and water availability, 179-80, 198; and water
rights,
- - - - 196-200
- Sheldon, Edward, 239, 240-41,
242
- Shiras, Justice George, Jr. , 50-51
- Sierra Mosca grant, 240
- Silva, Benjamin Deputy U.S. Atty.,
167
- size limitation of grants, 39-40
- Smith, Winfield, 239, 240-41,
242
- solicitador, 61
- Sorin, Edward, 238
- Spanish law: Anglo-American
procedural difference with, 69-70; appointment of experts
- - - - in, 92; common land in, 87;
compilation of by Reynolds, 135-36; court system in,
60;
- customary law in, 27, 67, 68, 69, 73;
and English common law, 267; establishment of
- - - - legal codes in, 15; formal, 27;
fuero, 59-60; and grant rejection,50; hearings in,
69;
- - - - history of, 11-16; Las Siete
Partidas, 67; law of prescription, 51, 252; lawyers'
duties, 11,- - -
- - - - 60-61; legal system of, 15-16;
in Mexico, 13, 15-16; and powers of alcalde and
escribano,
- - - - 132; and presumptions, 135-37;
and Recopilación, 16-18, 94, 114; and requirements
for
- - - - grant validity, 136-37, 139;
Roman influence on, 11-12; in Spain, 60-61
- Spanish law and custom: as force of
law, 132-34; common land and, 87; propios and,
87-88;
- - - - public land use in, 87-88;
realengas, 87, 91; stubble grazing and, 90-91; tierras
baldías in,
- - - - 87; tierras concegiles in, 87,
105-06; village land and, 87-88
- Spanish-Mexican law: and
Anglo-American law, 122-23; as basis for adjudication,
59;
- - - - boundary rule, 239; codified,
114; and common land ownership, 105, 114-15, 121;
court
- system under, 60; and custom, 115,
121-22; fuero in, 59-60; and government ownership of
- - - - common land, 111, 112-15; and
public domain, 113; validity of grants under,
59
- Spanish-Mexican land systems,
38
- Spanish Period: autonomy of local
government in, 73-74, 81-82; lawsuits in, 58;
legal
- - - - system in, 82-83
- Sparks, William, 151
- Spencer, Surveyor General T. Rush,
41, 270
- Spiess, Charles, 217
- State Engineer of New Mexico,
263
- Stone, Chief Justice Wilbur F., 112,
137-38
- stubble grazing, 20-21, 26, 90-91; in
Mexican Period, 301 n14; in Spain, 11
- Stumpage Appraisal Report, 162,
167
- Sulzbacher, Louis, 210
- survey: of Antonio Ortiz grant, 206;
under Surveyor General Atkinson, 241; Maxwell
- - - - and Sangre de Cristo grants,
45; of land grants, 24; of Las Trampas grant, 150-51,
153,
- - - - 158; of Las Vegas grant,
204-09; of private allotments, 207-09; of Ramón
Vigil grant,
- - - - 238-39; of San Joaquín
grant, 110-12; of San Miguel del Bado grant, 205; and
size
- - - - limitation, 39-40; under
Surveyor General, 34, 38-40; system, federal, 38; of
- - - - Tecolote, 206
- Surveyor General of New Mexico, 34,
37-45, 270, 272; adjudication under, 38-40,
235-36;
- - - - confirmation rate, 37;
corruption of, 41-42; and Court of Private Land Claims,
46;
- - - - duties of, 38-40; and
forgeries, 235-36; and overlapping claims, 40; reform
attempt,
- - - - 42-45; and Santa Fe Ring, 43;
and speculators, 40-42
- Tameling v. U.S. Freehold and
Emigration Co., 206
- Taney, Justice Roger, 37
- Taos Pueblo, 57, 65-66, 193; and
water rights adjudication, 263
- Taos, 65-66, 67, 264-65
- Taylor, Morris, F., 266
- Tecolote grant, 182-83; boundaries
of, 184-85, 198; second grant, 185-86; settlement of,
174,
- - - - 185
- Tesuque Pueblo, 254
- Texas, land grants in,
265
- Thompson, A.W., 218
- Tierra Amarilla grant, 42, 75, 77,
121, 257, 272, 297 n22, 306 n7272
- Tierra Amarilla, 3; courthouse raid,
165
- tierras baldías, 87,
113
- tierras concegiles, 87, 105-06,
113-14, 121
- Tierras y Aguas, 115
- tierras de pan llevar, 149, 307 n17,
307-08 n18
- Tijerina, Reies López,
106
- Tipton, William M., 47, 111, 235,
240; and archival evidence, 135; duties of, 235-36;
and
- - - - forgeries, 235-36; and Las
Vegas survey, 207-09
- Tlascaláns, 146
- Tomé grant, 249
- Tomé, 26
- Torijay Leri, Fernando de,
230
- Town of Bernalillo grant,
138
- Town of Cieneguilla grant, 131,
134
- Town of Tecolote grant, boundaries,
204; survey of, 205-06
- Trampas, 149-50
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 28-37,
38, 50, 59, 115, 271; Article 8, 31-32, 34; Article
10,
- - - - 29, 30, 34, 50; and California
Board of Land Commissioners, 33-34; and 1851
California
- - - - Act, 35; and Gadsden Treaty,
30; and property rights guarantees, 33-34; Protocol
of
- - - - Querétaro, 29-30, 35;
terms of, 28-30; violations of, 135, 136, 142
- Trist, Nicolas, 28, 29
- Truchas, 25, 146
- Trujillo, Bartolomé,
229
- Twitchell, Ralph Emerson, 113,
121
- Tyler, Daniel, 121,
219-220
- Ulibarrí, José de
Jesús, 181, 189
- Ulibarrí, José
Francisco, 190-91, 208
- Ulibarrí, Pablo, 210,
212
- Ulibarrí, Ramón,
208
- Ulibarrí, Santiago, 171, 178,
189, 198; conflict of interest, 190; other grants made
by,
- - - - 192-93; and Sanguijuela grant,
189-91, 194-95;
- Ulibarrí, Tomas,
208
- United States: and burden of proof,
136; color of title, 141-42; and customary
- - - - law, 21; Florida grants, 31-32,
33; and grant acquisition, 52-54; and grant
- - - - ratification, 32; and grant
rejection, 50; and Hispanic property rights,
52-54;
- - - - and international law, 50,
51-52; jurisdiction over community grants, 258;
- - - - and land grant guarantees, 30;
and land law fraud, 38; and Las Trampas,
- - - - 162; presumptions, 136-37;
treaty obligations, 51-52
- United States Congress: confirmation
of Las Trampas grant, 150; and Court of
Private
- - - - Land Claims, 45; current
legislation in, 123; fairness of, 40; and grant
confirmation,
- 45, 203, 206; and land grant
processing, 110; and surveyor-general system,
40
- United States Supreme Court, 31, 32,
34-35, 132, 197, 267, 268; Botiller v. Dominguez,
34-35,
- - - - 36; and burden of proof, 34;
decisions, 36-37, 39-40, 46-47, 50-51; Gallina decision,
120;
- - - - and Hispanic law, 48, 123; and
land grant law, 136; and Las Vegas patent, 216-17;
and
- - - - Matthew Reynolds book, 135; San
Joaquín decision, 105, 112-13; United States v.
- - - - Percheman, 32, 34,
35
- Uña del Gato grant,
240
- Upper Town, Las Vegas, (San Antonio),
183, 199, 207
- Use-rights agreements, 158-60,
162-68; under Anglo common law, 267
- vagrant law, 180
- Valdez, Juan Bautista, grant,
266
- Valencia, 26
- Valles de San Agustín (San
Agustín), 183, 199
- Valles de Tecolote (San Geronimo),
183, 198, 199
- Van Ness, John, 266
- Vargas, Diego de, 23, 250
- Vassberg, David, 101
- vecino, 13, 18, 147
- Vega y Coca, Miguel José de
la, 127, 129, 134
- Velasco, Diego de, 92, 94,
95
- Velez Cachupín, Governor
Tomás, 25, 66-67, 68, 145-46, 147-49,
229-30
- Vera Cruz Squadron, 99, 305
n67
- viceroy, 16
- Vigil, Donaciano, 43
- Vigil, Ramón,
233-35
- Villa of Santa Cruz de la
Cañada, 145, 146
- Villanueva, Vicente, 173,
176
- Waddingham, Wilson, 217
- Waldo, Henry L., 43
- water rights, 91, 92, 94-95, 299 n40;
in Arroyo Seco, 57; in Las Vegas, 171, 196, 199; and New
- - - - Mexico custom, 307 n18;
privatization of, 263, 271; and pueblo rights doctrine,
196-200
- water rights adjudication, 252, 272;
and Anglo-American law, 271; and burden of proof,
- - - - 264; custom in, 57; experts in,
265; and loss of common lands, 271; in New
Mexico,
- - - - 57-59; and priority dates, 58,
263; in Taos, 263, 265
- Watrous, 192
- Watts, J.S., 231
- Westland Development Corporation,
249
- Westphall, Victor, 266
- White Caps, See Gorras
Blancas
- White, Justice Edward D.,
137
- Whiting, David V., 235
- Wilson, Francis, C., 244
- wood gathering: use-rights for in Las
Trampas, 164-68
- Wright, E.R., 157
- Zinn, Judge Frank, 263, 264,
271
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